Wednesday, December 25, 2019

What Is So Fascinating About Customresearchpapers Essay?

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Tuesday, December 17, 2019

The Slavery Of African Americans - 1938 Words

In todays’ society many African Americans’ including myself do not know where there furthest ancestor came from let alone existed; to be honest, the only people of African descent that really know where they come from are those who were born and raised in Africa due to their family not moving. All we know or assume is that our ancestor was brought from Africa; however, that is as much as we know, most African Americans including myself embrace Africa as the motherland but we tend to wonder how deep is our ancestral lineage is rooted within this illustrious continent of Africa. It is no surprise that the slave trade is the reason to blame for our broken connection back to Africa; one can say that the slave trade was economically beneficial to society at that point; however, everything about this unethical and morally repugnant trade, has plagued the African American community till this day. We as a people were set up to be disunited when our ancestor were put in shackles and put on a boat that sailed to the new world .And to this day the constant oppressive nature purposely continue to try to divide and conquer our race, so that we continue to erase any notion of Africa. If disunity is the key of the oppressor; then we must be that strong and resistant door that does not open or budge, which ultimately symbolizes unity we must displayed day in and day out. Many well-known Pan-Africanist believed that people of African descent should return back to Africa. The sole purposeShow MoreRelatedSlavery : The African American Slavery2189 Words   |  9 PagesAPUSH - Steiker Period 6 Slavery 1775 - 1830 â€Å"Those who will not reason, are bigots, those who cannot, are fools, and those who dare not, are slaves, † said George Gordon Byron. Though slavery has never had a universal definition, one might describe it as the dependent labour by one person performed to another who is not of his or her family. It was thought to have come about after a dramatic labour shortage in particular areas or countries. In America, slavery has always been a highly debatedRead MoreThe Slavery Of African Americans942 Words   |  4 Pagespeople I met asked me that we Africans sold other Africans into slavery and why? I will tell them well I was not born when it happened, I only learn about slavery in school not even my parents told me so I cannot provide you with genuine reason behind slavery but I do understand this that it may have some economic benefits attached to it and that is a fact, the world back then was like survival of the fittest, slavery was rampant all over the world and not only black Africans were enslaved, many ethnicitiesRead MoreThe Slavery Of African Americans1208 Words   |  5 PagesBack when there was Slavery it was unfair to some people, at least to the African Americans. By unfair I mean the whites, like most of us would torture the Africans. Some of the things the owners did was made the slaves work in fields without pay and they had no control over their own self, their owner did. But, if they were not doing, that the owners would do something bad like whip them with a whip with metal on the end. Also, it even was effected in sports because back then it was just whitesRead MoreThe Slavery Of African Americans1207 Words   |  5 Pagestime where slavery was legal in America was a dark time that all wish was expunged from the nation’s history. Ever since the end of WWII came around and Japanese and victims of the Holocaust started to receive reparations for the ordeals then endeavored. This launched a proposal that the descendants of the enslaved people in the United States would be given some type of compensation. The form of compensation varies from individual monetary payments to land-based payment. Although the American enslavementRead MoreThe Slavery Of African Americans975 Words   |  4 PagesDuring the early developments of America, multiple states instituted the practice of owning African-Americans and using them as slaves. Surprisingly, this form of slavery was not only present in the Southern states, but also in the Northern too. Plantation owners from all over found their use in owning slaves, and were even shown taking advantage of the practice. By having ownership of slaves, it often contributed in farming production on plantations and also became useful when it came to votingRead MoreSlavery And The African Americans1071 Words   |  5 Pagesdiscussing slavery with other individuals. Throughout the years I have been a victim of my own ignorance for believing that Slavery undoubtedly ended in 1865. I can honestly admit that I was wrong. After having watched the documentary â€Å"Slavery by Another Name† I gained new insight into the history of slavery and the struggles that African Americans suffered during that time. I learned that slavery did not end after the 13th Amendment was passed. After the Amendment was passed African Americans were victimsRead MoreThe Slavery Of African Americans2011 Words   |  9 Pagespeople to turn to another source which could supply them with slaves. In result, African American slaves were brought to the U.S to facilitate life and work together with the European workforce. These African Americans came from a multitude of places including Africa and the Caribbean. From this day forth the lives of all African Americans changed, having an everlasting effect on their lives. After this, African Americans were viewed as slaves and it was the norm back then, which was a harsh, cruelRead MoreThe Slavery Of African Americans1695 Words   |  7 Pagesthe enslavement of African America ns, to the mistreatment of Native Americans on the Trail of Tears, and the subtle and sometimes overt discrimination oppressing American women today, there has been a long and continuing history of discrimination and unfair action against our fellow citizens. It would be deceitful for us to think that our nation has lived up to the ideals of the words â€Å"all men are created equal† since the day the Constitution was written by the Founders. Slavery comes in many formsRead MoreThe Slavery Of African Americans2857 Words   |  12 Pages A black African-American that was one of the many few who was born free in Wilmington, North Carolina went by the name of David Walker. Walker’s father whom died before his birth was a slave but his mother was a free woman. In the state’s laws Walker inherited his mother’s liberated status although, being free did not keep him from witnessing slavery. Walker traveled throughout his time in his younger days in the South, noticing the injustices of the slave system that the whites had going on. EvenRead MoreThe Slavery Of African Americans1844 Words   |  8 PagesMost African Americans were forcibly migrated from their countries to the United States to be used for the labor in fields and even do home chores for their owners. Many African American men, women and even children were either stolen from their families or sold by their own people to traders who would bring them back to the United States and sold them to white plantation owners. An African American who was bought by white owner was called a slave. The word slaves means â€Å"a person who is a legal property

Monday, December 9, 2019

The Importance of Marriage free essay sample

When you love someone you just want people to accept your love, you don’t want someone questioning it. So if love is so important and simple, why does it matter who is in love? I believe that gay marriage should be legal and encouraged by heterosexual people. There are many people who are against gay marriage because they believe that it affects them personally. I would like to know why and how that is true. Unfortunately, there are many people who believe that in this country and therefore in most of the United States, gay marriage is illegal. There are many different reasons why I believe gay marriage should be legalized.First of all, how is gay marriage different than â€Å"traditional† marriage? It’s very much the same thing. The â€Å"traditional† marriage is no different than gay marriage than the fact that there are 2 people of the same sex. However, there is also the fact described by an Anonymous Writer who says that the only difference between them is the fact that the â€Å"traditional† couple has more rights than a gay couple (Anonymous, Redefining Family). Doesn’t that seem like something over which gays have no control? Though this fact is out there many people still believe that gays are the ones to blame.They believe it is unconstitutional for two people of the same sex to get married. However, there is nothing yet in the Constitution about marriage, or gay marriage for that matter. Nevertheless, there is the fact that all people deserve equal rights in the Constitution, and if homosexuals can’t marry then that is taking away one of their rights and that is, indeed, unconstitutional. Once again, marriage is marriage no matter who it is between, because it’s truly a record of permanent commitment and trust. Many people are under the impression that if gay marriage is legalized, then it will ruin the â€Å"traditional† marriage.I disagree 100% with that statement. How is it possible that someone’s marriage life, can affect a different couples marriage when they don’t even know each other? Though I am pointing out mostly what people think is wrong with gay marriage, there are still many U. S. citizens who do, indeed support it. Some statistics show that over 74% of 4,000 gay marriages held in San Francisco, during the one-month period which gay marriage was legal there, were between two people over the age of 35 and 69% held college degrees (Anonymous, Marriage Rates for Opposite Sex and Gay Marriages).Therefore, the homosexuals who got married in that period time were more educated and more serious than those heterosexuals who got married without ever going to college or thinking it through all the way. Consequently, those who got married after going to college and waiting a while are, most likely going to stay together longer than those who didn’t. Another issue is the fact that gays can’t bear children. However, they can adopt. Adopting is probably actually a better thing to do than having a child, because there are so many children without families. As well, because they can’t bear children at all, they can’t have an accidental child and have to give it away. There are arguments saying that if a child is brought up in a gay environment they are more likely going to become gay, however, there is no physical evidence supporting that. Besides, the fact that gays can’t bear children doesn’t mean that they have to adopt, they may simply not want a child. Overall, the decision to adopt or stay childless is their decision and does not affect the rest of the families in the United States. Ultimately, homosexual’s lives should not be a public issue though some people believe otherwise.Many arguments are debated on the issue of gay marriage, such as that it is unconstitutional or that it will demolish â€Å"traditional† marriage. There are many gays who are married and there is still the â€Å"traditional† marriage. Therefore, you can already see that people are overreacting on this issue. Over 82% of the United States oppose gay marriage. Why can’t America just be a little more understanding and cooperative? This is very much like the time when there were laws that prohibited colored people to marry white people. Do we have to have an entire Civil Rights Movement again just for those to realize that all people are equal?Gay marriage has been attacked to the point where proposition 8 was passed in California a proposition which would of eliminated the right for gays to marry . It recently has been overthrown by a Chief US District Judge Vaughn R. Walker which was a very controversial . Homosexuals should be allowed to marry because the disallowance of it violates their constitutional rights. Marriage is an institution long recognized by our government under the right to pursue happiness, and denying that right to any couple, regardless of gender, is unconstitutional.This argument, though, is not disputed. In fact, none of the arguments raised in opposition to the allowance of homosexual marriages takes into account the constitutional rights afforded to all humans. The arguments are only in relation to the possible repercussions (real or imagined) of granting these rights. Our nation was built and has always been based on the fundamental principles of freedom expressed in the Declaration of Independence and through our Constitution.The opponents of homosexual marriage need to remember what freedom means to America, and understand the significance of setting a precedent that denies that freedom. The Supreme Court has long recognized that the institution of marriage is one of the rights guaranteed to all Americans by our Constitution. In the case of Loving vs. Virginia, the Supreme Court said, â€Å"The freedom to marry has long been recognized as one of the vital personal rights essential to the orderly pursuit of happiness by free men† (Howard Zinn, 397).In the case of Cleveland Bard of Education vs. LaFleur, the Supreme Court said, â€Å"This court has long recognized that freedom of personal choice in matters of marriage and family life is one of liberties protected by the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment† (â€Å"The Supreme Court Hands Gays a Win†). Despite all this, heterosexuals are the only ones allowed to be married at this time. Homosexuals and heterosexual both live under the same constitution and therefore should both be afforded the same rights. Unfortunately, this is not the case. The reasons that are presented against the allowance of homosexual marriage are flimsy, and have nothing to do with the constitutional rights that should be afforded to all Americans. Some of these arguments are that marriage is for procreation, same-sex couples aren’t the optimum environment in which to raise children, gay relationships are immoral, marriages are for ensuring the continuation of the species, and that same-sex marriages would start America down a slippery slope towards legalized incest, bestial marriage, and other kinds of horrible consequences (Steve Chapman).These reasons against gay marriage only deal with the consequences of what may happen if this is allowed. It is all speculation and has nothing to do with what is already a constitutional right. These same arguments were also offered thirty years ago towards interracial marriages. Journalist Deb Price offers this, â€Å".. all (arguments) seem to echo the debates heard in the late 1960’s when the morality of racially mixed marriages was being debated. One only needs to hange a few words in the present day arguments against gays and lesbian marriage in order to produce replicas of those earlier racist statements. † The main argument against same-sex marriages is the religious argument that God doesn’t condone homosexuality. In Leviticus 20:13 of the Bible, it reads that, â€Å"If a man also lie with mankind, as he lieth with a woman, both of them have committed an abomination: they shall surely be put to death; their blood upon them. Since marriage is considered by the Church to be a covenant with God, the view in the church is that homosexual marriages cannot be allowed (Robert B. Marks Ridinger). The First Amendment states, â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Eric Black). This is saying that religious grounds cannot determine constitutional law. However, this amendment is also saying that once homosexual marriages are allowed by the state, the Church can continue denying them.There are many churches though that allow homosexuals to be married and this is where these people would have to go. Arguments that deal with how homosexual marriages will affect children is a very touch subject. The argument is that children of same-sex marriages will suffer psychological problems, as evidenced by the children now who are suffering psychological effects because of family breakups and single-sex parenting (â€Å"Kids With Gay Parents†). In any case gay marriage is something that is a right that should be give fairly soon.

Sunday, December 1, 2019

Intermediate Price Theory free essay sample

What would you expect to happen to the market price and the QD and the QS as the market adjusts to the disequilibrium? Why? If the market price is set below the equilibrium price, more will be demanded than supplied, (Qdgt;Qs). This creates a shortage of the goods in the market. The amount of shortages will cause buyers to bid up the price in order to acquire the goods. Competition among buyers will bid up the price. Price will go up until shortages are eliminated. e. Suppose the supply shifts to QS = 30 + 4P Has the slope of the supply changed? Why or why not? No, the slope of the supply remained the same. Only the intercept changed. The rate of change in quantity supplied remained at 4 units for every dollar increase or decrease. At equilibrium, QD = QS 80 2P = 30 + 4P 6P = 50 P = $8. 33 Qs = 30 + 4(8. 33) = 63. 33 billion bushels 2. Following the collapse of the subprime mortgage market in 2008, the price of lumber plummeted from roughly $290 per thousand board feet to less than $200 per thousand board feet. We will write a custom essay sample on Intermediate Price Theory or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page New home construction also declined markedly. Draw graphs showing what you believe happened in these markets and explain why. As the subprime mortgage market collapse, the demand for new homes declined. Price per unit of houses will fall. Demand for new homes [pic] As the prices of new homes declined, sellers become less keen in constructing and selling new homes. Therefore, demand for lumber, an input for home construction also declined. Demand for lumber [pic] 3. Suppose that the price of a commodity declines from one month to the next and that more is bought in the second month. Draw three diagrams one showing that the demand could have increased, a second diagram showing that the demand could have decreased, and a third showing that demand might not have changed. [pic] [pic] pic] 4. Draw a diagram to show what would happen if the government imposed a ceiling on the retail price of gasoline. Why do some advocates of price controls also recommend rationing? If the government set a price ceilingon the retail price of gasoline. More gasoline will be demanded than supplied. This creates a gasoline shortage which may be addressed by a rationing system in order that everyone will get a fair share of the commodity. Shortages often result to long queues and rationing schemes such as the first-come first-served basis, payment of reservation fees, and even lottery. Moreover, price ceiling encourages hoarding. This in turn leads to the proliferation of the black market where people succumb to higher prices in order to acquire the goods. To avoid this, a rationing system is recommended by some advocates of price controls. 5. A magazine article notes that a tax on beer had caused the price of beer to increase by 5% over the price of beer a year earlier. The article notes, however, that the sales of beer had risen during the period. The article concludes that the law of demand does not apply to beer. Do you agree with the article’s conclusion? Explain why or why not. The law of demand is still operating in the beer market even if sales had risen after the imposition of a tax. Note that demand shows the different quantities of beer that may be bought at each specific price of beer, with tax or without tax. An increase in the price of beer caused by the tax only leads to a decrease in quantity demanded at that specific price. There are many factors that can cause an increase in demand for beer despite the price increase. The article probably did not look at the non-price determinants that could have caused the demand for beer to rise despite the tax on it. The non price determinants of demand are consumers tastes and preferences, number of buyers, prices of related goods, price expectation, consumers income etc. 6. Evaluate the following statement: A decrease in the supply of steel will cause the price of steel to rise. Manufacturers who use steel to produce their products will cut back on their production, thus reducing their demand for steel. The resulting decrease in demand for steel will cause the price of steel to fall. Consequently, the decrease in the price of steel may be temporary at best. The decrease in the price of steel caused by a low demand may be temporary at best because it is caused by a temporalreaction of manufacturers to a rising cost of production. Manufacturers of products that use steel as an input will surely want to remain in business. Therefore, they will keep on buying this inputto ensure their continued existence in the industry. If the decrease in the supply of steel will go on in the long run, price of steel will continue to rise. Manufacturers who use steel to produce their products have no recourse but to pass on additional cost of production to their consumers in the form of higher product price.

Tuesday, November 26, 2019

The Life of Lucius Annaeus Seneca (4 B.C. - A.D. 65)

The Life of Lucius Annaeus Seneca (4 B.C. - A.D. 65) The Life of Lucius Annaeus Seneca (4 B.C. - A.D. 65) Seneca was an important Latin writer for the Middle Ages, Renaissance, and beyond. His themes and philosophy should even appeal to us today, or so says Brian Arkins in Heavy Seneca: his Influence on Shakespeares Tragedies, Classics Ireland 2 (1995) 1-8. ISSN 0791-9417.   While James Romm, in Dying Every Day: Seneca at the Court of Nero, questions whether the man was as principled as his philosophy. Seneca the Elder was a rhetorician from an equestrian family in Cordoba, Spain, where his son, our thinker, Lucius Annaeus Seneca, was born in about 4 B.C. His aunt or someone took the young boy to be educated in Rome where he studied a philosophy that blended Stoicism with neo-Pythagoreanism. Seneca began his career in law and politics in about A.D. 31, serving as consul in 57. He fell afoul of the first of 3 emperors, Caligula. Caligulas sister suffered exile under Claudius on a charge of adultery with Seneca who was sent to Corsica for his punishment. Helped by Claudius last wife Agrippina the Younger, he overcame Corsican exile to serve as advisor of the last of the Julio-Claudians, from 54-62 A.D. whom he had earlier served as tutor. Seneca and the Julio-Claudian Emperors: The Suicide of Seneca Seneca wrote tragedies that have raised the question of whether they were intended for performance; they may have been meant strictly for recitation. They are not on original topics, but treat familiar themes, often with gruesome detail. Works of Seneca Works by Seneca Available at the Latin Library:Epistulae morales ad LuciliumQuaestiones naturalesde Consolatione ad Polybium, ad Marciam, and ad Helviamde IraDialogi: de Providentia, de Constantia, de Otio, de Brevitate Vitae, de Tranquillitate Animi, de Vita Beata, and de ClementiaFabulae: Medea, Phaedra, Hercules [Oetaeus], Agamemnon, Oedipus, Thyestes, and Octavia?Apocolocyntosis and Proverbs. Practical Philosophy Virtue, Reason, the Good Life Senecas philosophy is best known from his letters to Lucilius and his dialogues. In accordance with the philosophy of the Stoics, Virtue (virtus) and Reason are the basis of a good life, and a good life should be lived simply and in accordance with Nature, which, incidentally,  didnt mean you should eschew wealth. But whereas the philosophical treatises of an Epictetus might inspire you to lofty goals you know youll never meet, Senecas philosophy is more practical. [See Stoic-Based resolutions.] Senecas philosophy is not strictly Stoic, but contains ideas thrown in from other philosophies. He even coaxes and cajoles, as in the case of his advice to his mother to cease her grieving. You are beautiful, he says (paraphrased) with an age-defying appeal that needs no make-up, so stop acting like the worst kind of vain woman. You never polluted yourself with make-up, and you never wore a dress that covered about as much on as it did off. Your only ornament, the kind of beauty that time does not tarnish, is the great honour of modesty. So you cannot use your sex to justify your sorrow when with your virtue you have transcended it. Keep as far away from womens tears as from their faults.(www.uky.edu/ArtsSciences/Classics/wlgr/wlgr-privatelife261.html) 261. Seneca to his mother. Corsica, A.D. 41/9. Another famous example of his pragmatic philosophy comes from a line in Hercules Furens: Successful and fortunate crime is called virtue. He did receive criticism. He suffered exile for a supposed liaison with Livilla, mockery for his pursuit of wealth, and the scorn heaped on hypocrites for condemning tyranny,  yet being a tyrannodidaskalos - tyrant teacher, according to Romm. Parody and Burlesque in the Writing of SenecaMenippean Satire The Apocolocyntosis (The Pumpkinification of Claudius), a Menippean Satire, is a parody of the fashion of deifying emperors and a burlesque of the buffoonish emperor Claudius. Classical scholar Michael Coffey says the term apocolocyntosis is meant to suggest the conventional term apotheosis whereby a man, usually someone at the head of government, like a Roman emperor, was turned into a god (by order of the Roman Senate). Apocolocyntosis contains a word for some type of gourd probably not a pumpkin, but Pumpkinification caught on. The much ridiculed Emperor Claudius was not going to be made into a normal god, who would be expected to be better and brighter than mere mortals.   Senecas Social Consciousness On the serious side, because Seneca compared mans being enslaved by emotions and vices with physical slavery, many have thought he held a forward-looking view on the oppressive institution of slavery, even though his attitude towards women (see quotation above) was less enlightened. Legacy of Seneca and the Christian Church Seneca and the Christian Church Although currently doubted, it was thought that Seneca was in correspondence with St. Paul. Because of this correspondence, Seneca was acceptable to the leaders of the Christian Church. Dante placed him in Limbo in his Divine Comedy. During the Middle Ages much of the writing of Classical Antiquity was lost, but because of the correspondence with St. Paul, Seneca was considered important enough that monks preserved and copied his material. Seneca and the Renaissance Having survived the Middle Ages, a period that saw the loss of many classical writings, Seneca continued to fare well in the Renaissance. As Brian Arkins writes, in the article mentioned at the beginning of this article, on p.1: For the dramatists of the Renaissance in France, in Italy, and in England, Classical tragedy means the ten Latin plays of Seneca, not Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides.... Not only was Seneca suited to Shakespeare and other Renaissance writers, but what we know of him he fits our mindset today. Arkins article predates 9/11, but that only means another incident can be added to the list of horrors: [T]he appeal of Senecas plays for the Elizabethan age and for the modern age is not far to seek: Seneca studies evil with great diligence and, in particular, evil in the prince, and both those ages are very well versed in evil.... In Seneca and in Shakespeare, we encounter first a Cloud of Evil, then the defeat of Reason by Evil, and, finally, the triumph of Evil.All this is caviar to the age of Dachau and Auschwitz, of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, of Kampuchea, Northern Ireland, Bosnia. Horror does not turn us off, as it turned off the Victorians, who could not handle Seneca. Nor did horror turn off the Elizabethans.... Main Ancient Sources on Seneca Dio CassiusTacitusOctavia, a play sometimes attributed to Seneca

Saturday, November 23, 2019

The Ancient Myths about Athena

The Ancient Myths about Athena In his mythology (The Age of Fable: Vols. I II: Stories of Gods and Heroes. 1913), Thomas Bulfinch uses the Roman name Minerva for the Greek goddess Athena. Chapters from Bulfinch that Feature Athena: Chapter 14Arachne and the Weaving Contest With AthenaThe beginning of this chapter details Athenas skills, her special connection with Athens, and her birth from the head of her father Zeus. The chapter goes on to describe a contest between a mortal woman, Arachne, and Athena. It follows with another challenge made by a mortal against a goddess, but the goddess is not Athena.Chapter 15MedusaBulfinch has already identified Athena in the previous chapter, so in this one, Athena is introduced as the goddess challenged by Medusa to a beauty contest. Regardless of who was more beautiful, Athena had to punish Medusa, which she did by turning her into a monster. Then, when the hero Perseus goes off to slay the monster, Athena comes to his assistance by lending him her shield the one he uses as a mirror so he can decapitate without being turned to stoneChapter 30Odysseus and AthenaIn this chapter, Bulfinch is describing the adventures of Odysseus. Odysseus has returned to Ithaca but doesnt recognize it until Athena in disguise tells him where he is. The chapter describes Odysseus return to his home where he finds and eventually slays the suitors who have been harassing his wife. Elsewhere in Bulfinch, Athena plays minor roles: Chapter 16Athena invents thunderbolts and deals with the winged horse Pegasus.Chapter 20Theseus blames Athena for abandoning Ariadne and sets up the Panathenaea to honor her.Chapter 2Here Athena helps Prometheus steal fire to give to mankind.Chapter 19Athena and Hermes accompany Hercules to the Underworld.Chapter 7In this chapter, Bulfinch invents a conversation between Aphrodite and her son in which she names Athena as one who defies her.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Human health and the environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Human health and the environment - Essay Example Reduced chemical use in crop management conserves the environment. They can also be genetically manipulated to contain extra nutrient s. The crops will require lower maintenance and farmers will benefit from crop-protection transgenic strategies (Wambugu, 1999). Increasing food security will stabilize their economies and quality of life. Most people in arid and semi arid countries depend on single food crops and endowing these plants with more nutrients through genetic engineering will reduce incidences of food malnutrition. Most opponents of genetic engineering state that it is ethically wrong and that it is harmful. Adequate Legislation can ensure ethical practices and strict adherence to regulations can be monitored effectively. I conquer that more research should be done to understand the long term effects of genetically engineered crops on the ecosystem and on human health. Vasil, I.K. (1998). Plant biotechnology: Achievements and Opportunities at the Threshold of the 21st Century. Paper Presented at the IX International Congress on Plant Tissue and Cell Culture, Jerusalem Israel. b. The dose-response curve illustrates the change in an organism caused by different levels of exposure in a given time. The route of administration and the exposure time is crucial in understanding the response relationship. The response curve help toxicologists determine safe and hazardous levels for the compounds under study. c. LD50 is the amount of substance required to kill 50% of the test population usually measured in mg/body weight. A substance with a high LD50 is safer because it requires higher concentration to cause 50% death to the test population. A substance with a low LD50 requires very little concentrations to cause 50% death in test population and hence is more lethal. I support the precautionary principle because it is our duty to prevent some threats of damage, particularly

Tuesday, November 19, 2019

Memorandum explaining the discussion of merits of Congress adopting a Term Paper

Memorandum explaining the discussion of merits of Congress adopting a federal Value Added Tax - Term Paper Example The SBT was developed in as early as 1975. The framework of SBT can be scrutinized to understand the practical implementation of the VAT scheme in American context. In the year 2008, SBT was repealed and replaced by another taxation framework called the Michigan Business Tax, which can be regarded as a form of continued VAT implementation. (Roberts, W. D. & Gell, M. B., 2010) At the federal level, the US Congress is trying to institute the VAT scheme since 1982. â€Å"Overall, the options have stressed that a broad-based consumption tax, such as a VAT, could raise large sums less easily than incremental increases in income tax rates, but with less loss of economic efficiency; that excise taxes on selected products could be raised to minor good effect; and that broadening the tax base could raise significant sums and improve economic efficiency.† (Reischauer, R. D., 1994) Current Proposals in Congress for Adoption of a Federal Value-Added Tax The US taxation system is based on a strong historical milieu, and the US Congress is aware of that. The historic Boston Tea Party, which took place prior to the War of American Independence, was related to the unfair tax schemes imposed by the then British rulers. However, the framework of the federal governance of the country remained under scrutiny and criticisms throughout the 19th and 20th centuries. Income tax regulations have been a primary federal concern. The framework of the federal taxation system of America has not been without its problems (Adams, T. S., 1921). Too much dependence on income tax revenues may lead to serious economic problems. The Congress thus proposes to impose a value-added or national sales tax. The Congressional Budgetary Office (CBO) has been pointing at the revenue raising potential of a...The policy pros of the VAT scheme entail the reduction of the American economy’s too much dependence on the income tax revenues. In the United States, people with higher income have to pay a heavier income tax, which is regarded as unfair by many conservatives (Edwards, C., 2009). A strong revenue network through federal VAT can compensate the inequalities in the current income tax rates. More and more Democrats and other policy makers are focusing on the policy process in regard of VAT. According to them, VAT will provide the federal government with a reliable instrumentation to handle deficit and pay off the debts. John Podesta (who led President Obama’s transition team) thinks that the only way to stabilize and grip the troublesome debt situation is to reduce the hike in health care expenditures, reduce federal spending, and add new means to increase revenue input. The progressive value-added tax scheme appears to be a boon in this context. The policy cons of VAT scheme are rather numerous and thought provoking. The European experience of implementing the VAT is important. VAT is supposed to lower the taxes on profit and income.

Sunday, November 17, 2019

Plato’s Crito Essay Example for Free

Plato’s Crito Essay To justify Socrates’ decision to stay in prison according to the law and obey even the unjust punishment that was given to him by his accusers or to escape from the prison is an issue that has been for debates for long. Socrates was sure to obey the law and accepted the punishment of drinking the poison. Here Plato wants to give the laws its own voice and discriminate it as a separate distinctiveness, trying to make it something close to human where it is believed that Socrates’ punishment is unjust. By going through the dialogues between Socrates and Crito, I disagree with Crito and believe that Socrates as right in abiding by the law and accepting the punishment of drinking the poison. Socrates had his own philosophy and reasons in going by the law and Crito tried his best to persuade him to escape from the prison. Argument between Socrates and Crito Crito said that by accepting the unjust punishment Socrates was in fact siding with his accusers for which Socrates replies that if he escapes from the prison he will be acting against the just law and also against people. He said that if the laws are just and people unjust and both give out the same decision then he must obey the law even if it is ot justified humanly. He was not willing to side against the people because people were his strength and he had accepted the punishment for them. Crito does not believe that if Socrates does not abide by the law it will lead to social destruction and says that a single proceed of noncompliance would be negligible when compared to the justified movements by Socrates in future. Socrates speaks honestly and in a straightforward manner and also indicates Crito that he might face some problems after his death. Socrates gave a new way of belief to philosophy. His teachings are still inspiring for lots of scholars and many philosophers were influenced by his views. Socrates believed in justice and for this he even offered his life. According to his friends and followers the punishment he received was morally wrong but Socrates believed that roaming about from town to town would bring him nothing and he was not ready to disobey the law as the law of Athens had protected him throughout his life. There are moral authorities and their principles should be first and foremost based on protecting human rights. Socrates believed that justice was good and good can be accomplished with the help of self-knowledge by anyone. Socrates was punished because of a social contract, which he himself had accepted and according to that he had to abide by the law and accept the punishment. In fact this idea of a contract between an individual and the entire legal system has a great impact on the modern political system and the world even today. There are some rights as well as duties of people in society towards it and the ‘social contract’ here refers to the unishment Socrates received and his belief in abiding by the law because he said that law is just. He believed that man should do ‘good’ even to his enemies and also that knowledge leads to goodness in man. Plato states Socrates views that ‘morality based on absolute truth or rules is probably not adaptable to practical situations’. Socrates also believed that a good man never harmed anyone and advised wrong doers to find cure of their evil ways and become good. The only thing is that one should try and change self and this is attained through self-knowledge.

Thursday, November 14, 2019

Miles Franklins My Brilliant Career Essay -- Franklin My Brilliant Ca

Miles Franklin's My Brilliant Career Topic: Give a detailed analysis of a key scene or passage from "My Brilliant Career" by Miles Franklin. The focus and essence of My Brilliant Career by Miles Franklin is centred on the relationships and interactions of Sybylla Melvyn (the key character of the novel), towards other characters. The ways in which she reacts to different people and why she reacts in a particular manner, are perhaps more crucial and intriguing to the reader, than any distinct event throughout the novel.   Sybylla's logic and thinking about herself, others and life, have been moulded by her very influential relationships with her mother and father.   Her view on life and the roles of men and women has also been influenced by literature she has read.   Moreover, her affinity with her parents in childhood and as a young woman has plainly made its mark on her further relationships, especially with men. The most prominent male relationship Sybylla encounters is with her lover, Harold Beecham.   Sybylla's relationship with Harold as described in Chapter 20 illustrates the influences of her parents and literature.   In   Chapter 20, Sybylla hits Harold across the face with a riding whip, when he tries to kiss her.   Yet Harold Beecham appears to be the perfect figure and the perfect man and indeed, Sybylla loves him, although she does not like to admit this.   For example, her "train of thought was interrupted by our host, who appeared in the doorway, clad from sole to neck in white" (Franklin 137).   He is her knight in shining amour, but even so she strikes him.   To Sybylla, Harold always appears somewhat 'forbidden'.   Perhaps subconsciously, he is the materialised embodiment of her father, Richard Melvyn.   In her e... ...y saying "Is this not rather sudden?   You have given me no intimation of your intentions" (Franklin 140).   Perhaps still disturbed by his manner, this is partly the reason why she hits Harold afterwards. Sybylla Melvyn is simply a confused adolescent, with all the problems and feelings of a young woman growing up.   She has a large amount of emotional turmoil in her mind and is doing what she can to adjust to her ever changing environment.   Sybylla is paranoid and neurotic and her values, beliefs and ideals have been easily influenced by her childhood relationship with her parents.   As a consequence, her actions reflect these influences, which are deeply etched in her mind.   By examining her relationship with Harold Beecham we are able to understand that her attitude towards his affections are a result of both her parents influence and her reading material.  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Digital Divide Essay

The term digital divide emerged in the mid-1990’s to describe the gap that exists between individuals who have access to technology and those that do not have access (Eamon, 2004). Computer technology has transformed modern society in profound ways (Behrman & Shields, 2000). Everyday society exposes citizens to technology in some form. Citizens integrate technology into common tasks such as signing into work, paying bills, shopping, paying taxes, and even reading the local newspaper (Behrman & Shields, 2000). The increasing integration of technology into society cause school systems to be more resolute about including technology in every classroom. School leaders generally agree that access to technology prepares students to succeed in the 21st century (Bell, Judge, & Puckett, 2006). Other researchers point out that increasing access to technology in the classroom environment does not ensure academic improvement. These researchers point out that there are limits to the advantages that technology offers. A meta-analysis by Crismann, Badgert and Lucking (1997) involving 27 studies concerning academic achievement of students who received traditional classroom instruction or traditional classroom instruction with technology integration showed interesting results. On average, students receiving technology infused instruction attained higher academic achievement than 58. 2 percent of those in traditional classrooms (Page, 2002). The digital divide addresses societal differences that correlate to the educational outcomes of students. Such differences raised concerns about the emergence of the digital divide between the children on one side who are benefiting from technology and the children on the other side who the lack of technology access leaves behind (Becker, 2000). Key Terms and Definitions 1. Application – computer software; also called a program 2. Broadband – a type of data transmission in which a single wire can carry several channels at once. Broadband technology can transmit data, audio, and video all at once over long distances. 3. Chat – real time, text-based communication in a virtual environment 4. Digital Divide – the gap between those with regular, effective access to digital technologies and those without 5. Digital Technology – machinery and computer equipment used for practical and informative purposes 6. Learning Portal – any web site that offers learners and organizations consolidated access to learning and training resources from multiple sources 7. Multimedia – interactive text, images, sounds, and color 8. Network – two or more computers that are connected so users can share files and devices 9. Online – a computer communicating with another computer 10. World Wide Web (www) – a graphical Internet tool that provides access to homepages created by individuals, businesses, and other organizations Statement of Hypothesis Researchers define the digital divide as discrepancies in technology use and access in learning environments based on ethnicity and socioeconomic status (Pearson & Swain, 2002). School systems and government programs supply technology equipment and software to United States’ schools in effort to close the digital divide. Nearly every school is now equipped with computers, and over two-thirds of our nation’s children have access at home (Shields & Behrman, 2000). Equal access and supply cannot close the digital divide alone. Teachers need adequate training on selection of technology and integration of technology. Teachers, parents, and students must become technology literate in order to close the digital divide. Review of Literature Advantages of Technology and Academic Performance The digital divide influences academic performance because limited student access to technology minimizes experiences and knowledge necessary to succeed academically. Computer based technology contributes to children’s academic achievement. Researchers associate having a home computer to better academic performance (Jackson et al. , 2006). Schools play a critical role in providing access to computers to students who do not have home computers. Teachers can have a profound effect on the digital divide by carefully examining how and when technology use is necessary. Regular use of technology in the classroom directly contributes to student achievement, both by making students more effective in their learning and teachers more efficient in their teaching. Teacher education should not focus on technology alone, but on its alignment with the curriculum. In order for this alignment with the curriculum to take place, more computers must be available for students use. Technology integrated into the curriculum increases students’ time on task and extends learning into the home, beyond the traditional school day (Shield & Behrman, 2000). Classrooms benefit from the advantages of technology if planning is efficient and effective for a particular group of students. Students must understand that the use of technology within lessons supports productivity. Technology is a tool that students use for learning, research, networking, collaboration, telecommunications, and problem solving. Technology lessons must be meaningful and engaging for students to improve academic performance. Teachers are able to shift student learning from memorizing answers to questions to knowing how to find answers. Activities that encourage students to use technology outside of the classroom such as using the technology lab, school media center, or local public library prepare students for future educational experiences. Using technology for academic tasks plays a positive role in student achievement (Wenglinsky, 2005). If students participate in authentic technology enhanced activities on a regular basis, these activities will offer students the support they need to become learners that are more proficient and possibly narrow the divide. Limitations of Technology and Academic Performance The level and quality of the student interactions with technology can limit the academic advantages that technology offers. Students must be able to use computers for more than web-surfing, chatting, game playing, and participating in low-level thinking activities. Student interactions with computers must be quality interactions that allow students to do research and create original multimedia products. Although 99% of public classrooms have access to computers, many students are not meeting the technology standards set by the National Educational Technology Standards (Morgan & VanLengen, 2005). While technology exposes students to activities that allow them to use higher order thinking and problem solving techniques, they still prefer to engage in non-academic activities on the Internet. Becker (2000) states that â€Å"most student Internet activities were recreational in nature – such as email, chat rooms, web-based games, web surfing, and listening to music†. Many children’s activities on the Internet appear to be for entertainment purposes instead of educational purposes. While the Internet gives students access to an array of educational tools, it also gives them access to non-academic material. Teachers often have trouble monitoring student use of appropriate websites, electronic mail messages, instant messages, and live chat rooms. Without careful observation, students can easily use school time to access material that is inappropriate for children and will not improve academic improvement. Even if teachers properly monitor students, they may not benefit from having access to computers in the classroom. Research by Lilia C. DiBello (2005) states that many teachers have not been properly trained to integrate technology in the classroom. While teachers may be comfortable with navigating various types of software, they often have trouble implementing the technology to meet technology standards (DiBello, 2005). Teacher preparation programs now require future teachers to take a technology course as a graduation requirement. However, technology is rapidly changing and school systems offer few opportunities that allow teachers to keep up with the changes modern technology brings. When teachers are not willing and not prepared to integrate technology into their classrooms, they often fail to prepare students to perform authentic tasks using the computers. Teachers often use computers for low-level thinking activities such as drill and practice (Pearson & Swain, 2002). According to Pearson and Swain (2002), students in high-poverty schools use computers for drill and practice 35% of the time, as opposed to students in low-poverty schools, who used computers for drill and practice 26% of the time. Schools who are below the poverty line are also more often to use computers for remedial purposes instead of higher order thinking skills. Teachers rarely teach students to use the computers to answers questions that they ask, research topics, or to prepare multimedia projects that coincide with the subjects they have learned in the classroom. Importance of Closing the Divide The digital divide exists both quantitatively and qualitatively. Gillan (2003) supported that quantitative gaps exist in schools and families where there is not enough access or time spent with technology. Qualitative gaps refer to selection of appropriate applications and quality training. Many studies have drawn the conclusion that the key factor in closing the digital divide may not be access alone. As years have passed, attention moved away from who is connected to the question of who is served. It is important to consider that the upper-to-middle classes are given high-quality access to technology because technologists are hard at work creating â€Å"solutions† designed just for them. According to Morgan and VanLengen (2005), most affluent students use software that requires the use of critical thinking skill. Less affluent students predominately use drill and practice software. Many school officials feel that technologists ignore solutions for the poor. The result is often that schools give the poor low-quality access that could actually hurt them and, in some sense, widen the divide. Because of the continued influences of technology on society, the United States must address the digital divide and implement strategies to narrow the gap. It is imperative to focus on what can be done if needs cannot be met. Students that are technology savvy have significant advantages over their peers. Students with limited technology skills will not have the same educational or job opportunities and information that will be necessary for full and knowledgeable participation in society. Leaders should not subject students to the wrong side of the digital divide just because computer access at home is limited or none. It is the responsibility of the schools and communities to help narrow the gap. The schools are the primary source of computer access. Schools can promote digital equity for young children by including access to computer resources used in developmentally appropriate ways (Judge, 2005). The digital divide has consequences that extend beyond the school. If the digital divide was only a matter of unequal access to equipment, closing it would simply involve duplicating the resources of wealthy schools in poorer schools (Riel, Schwartz, & Hitt, 2002). Educators need to learn the basics of information literacy: searching, evaluating materials for quality, risk assessment, and equally important privacy protection. These skills go beyond online behavior to include mass media and everyday communications. Conclusion It is the job of educators to plan technology-integrated lessons that are appropriate for the particular group they are teaching. Educators must have knowledge and skills to integrate technology into meaningful activities of interest and relevance to children. Educators need to be aware of the advantages and the limitations of technology for all students. The primary key to closing the digital divide is investment in literacy and education. The biggest barrier to use of digital technology is lack of skills. It is possible that the next generation of the World Wide Web, referred to as Internet, emphasizes the need to go beyond text to give users a sensory experience of the web. Some governments are exploring the use of cell phones, and applications like voice recognition technology or use of visual icons on various devices. The implications for closing the digital divide are important to society. Closing the digital divide will offer educational advantages, future employment and earning opportunities, chance for social and civic involvement, equity, and civil rights for all.

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Attachment Theory and Partnership Model

Describe how partnerships with carers are developed and sustained in own work setting A partnership model work around a theory of collaboration, understanding and and communication. It’s a way that helps to recognise how the best outcomes can happen for children when care, development and learning provision/a setting , a cooperatively together. A partnership model looks like this: Identifying needs via a partnership /mullet agency document can happen though the pre CAF assessment check list and CAF common assessment framework which is shared with appropriate agencies.Alongside the aims of home nation’s early year framework –eg England’s eyfs, Wales’ foundation phase, NI foundation stage or Scotland’s prebrith-3 &curriculum for excellence, children’s progresses seen to be greater when a partnership is supported: evidence based on EPPE project quote: This finding indicates that what parents do is more important for the academic and socia l/behavioural development of their than who parents are supports a joint or joined up approach .Check how your setting promotes an open door policy, involves, actively invites and work towards engaging parents/carers in the setting ‘s planning and decision making processes. How do you share observations –daily happenings’ how parents/carers contribute 7 are part of assessments 7 updates by letting setting know about development’ interests, medical and dietary needs – data protection, confidentiality act & freedom of information.Considerations to take into account for a partnership model are the potential barriers could be involved: that–  Communication  & how to overcome those barriers – language, use & access to technology eg. phone, email, literacy skills technology —  Confidence & self esteem  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ anyone with less confidence, sense of worth and value may feel uncomfortable/incapable of imparting their ideas, view s and opinions. –  Obligations of work  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ time, income all have a bearing on how active a parent/carer can be in a partnership model. —  Learning disabilities and culture  can impact on relationships with care providers as an expectation to work together may be unexpected, unfamiliar, cause suspicion & be unwelcome it is also possible an appearance of professionalism creates a barrier, anxiety &  withdrawal. —  Understanding  equal opportunity, equality amp; inclusion in participation  whilst this is a practice approach that may be extended to all it may not be taken up by individuals in the same way. In possible contrast maybe, to the view as to how behaviourist theory relates to positive reinforcement –  operant conditioning  that may be exerted over children's choice/motivation to participate, knowing that the less pressure adults feel exposed and obligated to, the more likely it is that they'll feel free and welcomed in taki ng part where and when they are able to. Evaluation methods eg.Feedback,  survey  and sensitive questionnaires can help identify areas a setting does well in, those for further investigation and aspects of provision that individuals enjoy being part of or can see a way to suggest improvement in. Breaking/breaching confidentiality in a partnership model can cause mistrust & impact negatively on the effectiveness of future engagement –oral’ paper 7 electronically kept information data protection act If it helps there is guidance that supports further research on pages 164 and 221+ of the  Heinemann level 3 handbookParental rights  on direct gov and the  children's act 1989 Howard Gardner's multi intelligence theory. His  frames of mind  publication recognised the role of the parent as a child's first educator, providing physical and emotional influence. The  town Reggio Emilia  and the development of a philosophy and educational approach. Parent co-oper ative  model for provision Commitee run preschool www. bernardvanleer. org Attachment theory –  linked through psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud 1856 – 1939 Melanie Klein 1882 – 1960 John Bowlby 1907 – 1990 Mary Ainsworth 1913 – 1999Donald Winnicott 1896 – 1971 –  transitional object The limit of children's resillience is in repeated disruption to attachments, when people leave or let them down. Barbara Tizard suggests roles for childrens well-being, physical and emotional development exist in significant others with a genuine commitment and continuity of interest in remaining present in a child's life – carers, adoption, looked after settings, foster parents, guardians, sibling care and parenting responsibilities carried out by other immediate and extended family members.Key worker/person system Peter Elfer –  google book preview Working together: * England's eys framework: eyfs theme of positive relationships, princ iple –  parents as partners * Northern Ireland's –  NI curriuculm  foundation and areas of learning * Ireland's Aistear  guidelines for good practice  building partnerships between parents and practitioners. Wales foundation phase – positive partnerships with home,  learning and teaching pedagogy * Scotland's curriculum for excellence –  parents as partners A health care model for the support of children –  family partnership model  CPCS. org. uk Parents/carers are stakeholders in thier children's education providers in that they are the ones who retain a continued presence after a setting has been left/provision ended. Multi-agency working, how partnerships promote links with agencies and parent/carers and mosiac approach.

Thursday, November 7, 2019

D Giovanni-Conflict in Emotion essays

D Giovanni-Conflict in Emotion essays Don Giovanni: Simultaneous Conflicting Emotions Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart conceals some very complicated techniques of musical emotion in his music for the stage. Among these is his ability to convey not mixed emotions, but separate, conflicting emotions and events involving multiple characters in one scene. An example of this genius is found in his opera "Don Giovanni." I chose the 1977 Glyndebourne Festival Production. I will be analyzing the finale of Act I, score measures 415 to 457. I think it most effective to not skip around in the score, but rather straight through, and you will see that not only does Mozart creates multiple emotions, he also has them overlapping as in the finale of Act I. This scene is a party thrown by Don Giovanni. Starting in measure 415, Leporello is starting the whole group to dance, and his words are conveyed in a smooth, convincing style, so as to keep the general group out of the loop. Donna Elvira comments to Donna Anna that Don Giovanni's voice has given him away, and these words are expressed with short, choppy rhythms, almost recitative-like, indicating a hint of animosity.(mm 417-18) Donna Anna replies, expressing her hurt in a series of long, high descending notes.(mm 418-19) Don Ottavio responds to them in a recitative fashion, yet melodic as if to convey the hiding of vengeful feeling for the moment and to pretend to enjoy an evening of dancing.(mm 420-21) At this point, Don Giovanni and Leporello comment in a relieved melodic duet that everything is good so far.(mm 423-25) Then Masetto sings triumphantly that in his observation, the evening is going well, too.(mm 425-29) Is it though? This amplifies Masetto's ignorance of two t hings - one, that Zerlina is emotionally troubled, and two, that he knows nothing of Don Giovanni's impending plan. When Don Giovanni realizes this, he quickly commands Leporello to distract Masetto away from Zerlina. His tone is sung in short, cut ...

Tuesday, November 5, 2019

Richard Ewell - Civil War - Lieutenant General - Army of Northern Virginia

Richard Ewell - Civil War - Lieutenant General - Army of Northern Virginia Richard Ewell - Early Life Career: The grandson of the first US Secretary of the Navy, Benjamin Stoddert, Richard Stoddert Ewell was born in Georgetown, DC on February 8, 1817. Raised in nearby Manassas, VA by his parents, Dr. Thomas and Elizabeth Ewell, he received his initial education locally before electing to embark on a military career. Applying to West Point, he was accepted and entered the academy in 1836. An above average student, Ewell graduated in 1840 ranked thirteenth in a class of forty-two. Commissioned as a second lieutenant, he received orders to join the 1st US Dragoons which were operating on the frontier. In this role, Ewell assisted in escorting wagon trains of traders and settlers on the Santa Fe and Oregon Trails while also learning his trade from luminaries such as Colonel Stephen W. Kearny. Richard Ewell - Mexican-American War: Promoted to first lieutenant in 1845, Ewell remained on the frontier until the outbreak of the Mexican-American War the following year. Assigned to Major General Winfield Scotts army in 1847, he took part in the campaign against Mexico City. Serving in Captain Philip Kearnys company of the 1st Dragoons, Ewell took part in operations against Veracruz and Cerro Gordo. In late August, Ewell received a brevet promotion to captain for his heroic service during the battles of Contreras and Churubusco. With the end of the war, he returned north and served at Baltimore, MD. Promoted to the permanent grade of captain in 1849, Ewell received orders for the New Mexico Territory the following year. There he conducted operations against the Native Americans as well as explored the newly-acquired Gadsen Purchase. Later given command of Fort Buchanan, Ewell applied for sick leave in late 1860 and returned east in January 1861. Richard Ewell - The Civil War Begins: Ewell was recuperating in Virginia when the Civil War began in April 1861. With the secession of Virginia, he resolved to leave the US Army and seek employment in the Southern service. Formally resigning on May 7, Ewell accepted an appointment as a colonel of cavalry in the Virginia Provisional Army. On May 31, he was slightly wounded during a skirmish with Union forces near Fairfax Court House. Recovering, Ewell accepted a commission as a brigadier general in the Confederate Army on June 17. Given a brigade in Brigadier General P.G.T. Beauregards Army of the Potomac, he was present a the First Battle of Bull Run on July 21, but saw little action as his men were tasked with guarding Union Mills Ford. Promoted to major general on January 24, 1862, Ewell received orders later that spring to take command of a division in Major General Thomas Stonewall Jacksons army in the Shenandoah Valley. Richard Ewell - Campaigning in the Valley Peninsula: Joining Jackson, Ewell played key roles in a string of surprising victories over superior Union forces led by Major Generals John C. Frà ©mont, Nathaniel P. Banks, and James Shields. In June, Jackson and Ewell departed the Valley with orders to join General Robert E. Lees army on the Peninsula for an attack on Major General George B. McClellans Army of the Potomac. During the resulting Seven Days Battles, he took part in the fighting at Gaines Mill and Malvern Hill. With McClellan contained on the Peninsula, Lee directed Jackson to move north to deal with Major General John Popes newly-formed Army of Virginia. Advancing, Jackson and Ewell defeated a force led by Banks at Cedar Mountain on August 9. Later in the month, they engaged Pope in the Second Battle of Manassas. As the fighting raged on August 29, Ewell had his left leg shattered by a bullet near Brawners Farm. Taken from the field, the leg was amputated below the knee. Richard Ewell - Failure at Gettysburg: Nursed by his first cousin, Lizinka Campbell Brown, Ewell took ten months to recover from the wound. During this time, the two developed a romantic relationship and were wed in late May 1863. Rejoining Lees army, which had just won a stunning victory at Chancellorsville, Ewell was promoted to lieutenant general on May 23. As Jackson had been wounded in the fighting and subsequently died, his corps was divided in two. While Ewell received command of the new Second Corps, Lieutenant General A.P. Hill took command of the newly-created Third Corps. As Lee began moving north, Ewell captured the Union garrison at Winchester, VA before driving into Pennsylvania. The lead elements of his corps were nearing the state capital of Harrisburg when Lee ordered him to move south to concentrate at Gettysburg. Approaching the town from the north on July 1, Ewells men overwhelmed Major General Oliver O. Howards XI Corps and elements of Major General Abner Doubledays I Corps. As Union forces fell back and concentrated on Cemetery Hill, Lee sent orders to Ewell stating that he was to carry the hill occupied by the enemy, if he found it practicable, but to avoid a general engagement until the arrival of the other divisions of the army. While Ewell had thrived under Jacksons command earlier in the war, his success had come when his superior had issued specific and precise orders. This approach was counter to Lees style as the Confederate commander typically issued discretionary orders and relied on his subordinates to take the initiative. This had worked well with the bold Jackson and the First Corps commander, Lieutenant General James Longstreet, but left Ewell in a quandary. With his men tired and lacking room to re-form, he asked for reinforcements from Hills corps. This request was refused. Receiving word that Union reinforcements were arriving in large numbers on his left flank, Ewell decided against attacking. He was supported in this decision by his s ubordinates, including Major General Jubal Early. This decision, as well as Ewells failure to occupy nearby Culps Hill, were later severely criticized and blamed in causing the Confederate defeat. After the war, many argued that Jackson would not have hesitated and would have captured both hills. Over the next two days, Ewells men mounted attacks against both Cemetery and Culps Hill but with no success as Union troops had time to fortify their positions. In the fighting on July 3, he was hit in his wooden leg and slightly wounded. As Confederate forces retreated south after the defeat, Ewell was wounded again near Kellys Ford, VA. Though Ewell led Second Corps during the Bristoe Campaign that fall, he later fell ill and turned command over to Early for the subsequent Mine Run Campaign. Richard Ewell - The Overland Campaign: With the beginning of Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grants Overland Campaign in May 1864, Ewell returned to his command and engaged Union forces during the Battle of the Wilderness. Performing well, he held the line at Saunders Field and later in the battle had Brigadier General John B. Gordon mount a successful flank attack on the Union VI Corps. Ewells actions at the Wilderness were quickly offset several days later when he lost his composure during the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House. Tasked with defending the Mule Shoe salient, his corps was overrun on May 12 by a massive Union assault. Striking his retreating men with his sword, Ewell desperately attempted to get them to return to the front. Witnessing this behavior, Lee interceded, berated Ewell, and took personal command of the situation. Ewell later resumed his post and fought a bloody reconnaissance in force at the Harris Farm on May 19. Moving south to the North Anna, Ewells performance continued to suffer. Believing the Second Corps commander to be exhausted and suffering from his previous wounds, Lee relieved Ewell shortly thereafter and directed him to assume oversight of the Richmond defenses. From this post, he supported Lees operations during the Siege of Petersburg (June 9, 1864 to April 2, 1865). During this period, Ewells troops manned the citys entrenchments and defeated Union diversionary efforts such as attacks at Deep Bottom and Chaffins Farm. With the fall of Petersburg on April 3, Ewell was forced to abandon Richmond and Confederate forces began retreating west. Engaged at Saylers Creek on April 6 by Union forces led by Major General Philip Sheridan, Ewell and his men were defeated and he was captured. Richard Ewell - Later Life: Transported to Fort Warren in Boston Harbor, Ewell remained a Union prisoner until July 1865. Paroled, he retired to his wifes farm near Spring Hill, TN. A local notable, he served on the boards of several community organizations and also managed a successful cotton plantation in Mississippi. Contracting pneumonia in January 1872, Ewell and his wife soon became gravely ill. Lizinka died on January 22 and was followed by her husband three days later. Both were buried in Nashvilles Old City Cemetery. Selected Sources Civil War Trust: Richard EwellCivil War: Richard Ewell HistoryNet: Richard Ewell at Gettysburg

Sunday, November 3, 2019

Identify your favourite brand from any sector of your choice. What Essay

Identify your favourite brand from any sector of your choice. What makes the brand successful Use relevant theories (branding c - Essay Example The organization improved its notable Burberry check as a retail version for the item. It was an instant hit and the multipurpose; all weather coat was patronized alike by kings, maharajas and professionals. Already established as durable and practical, Burberry Parka and outerwear were promptly embraced by explorers and adventure seekers. In pair with these improvements, Burberry paced ahead with an improved plan for its retail and wholesale business. The leading London store opened in 1891 and by 1910 the first global store was opened in Paris. Anomalous remote market support was prompted in the early 1900s when Thomas Burberry started to supply retail stockists globally. In 1920 Burberry entered into wholesale business arrangements with Japanese retailers. (BBC News). Great Universal Stores acquired Burberry in 1955; this change in proprietorship furnished the subsidizing for the development of the Burberry retail arrangements in the UK and the USA. Likewise, licences were approve d for a number of distributors in Europe and Asia to expedite the extension of the Burberry item range and increment remote market distribution. Burberry Brand Having characteristics and life span of its own, a brand exists as a unique identity which is distinctively separate from the product or services that it represents (Putterman; Kroszner 1996). The very name Burberry may suggest tradition and everlasting standards of quality, but the company has, been a real force for innovation since its inception. Burberry’s motto, †Prorsum† (Latin for â€Å"forward†), on its knight-and-horse logo, bears witness to the innovation and competitive driving force since 1856. From young Thomas Burberry set out to equip local sportsmen from a small outfitter’s shop in Basingstoke, England to one of the top brands in the fashion industry worldwide. Business was flourishing in the Burberry emporium in the 1900s. The firm made its name and became a prestige brand by e quipping high-profile Antarctic pioneers, pilots and balloonists. What's more, it also catered to the styling and fashion needs of golfers and skiers and horsemen. it soon got into the business of fine commonplace outerwear, too: jackets, women's caps, and voyaging capes in the notable tweeds and plaids that are still connected with the brand (voguepedia/Burberry). The Burberry brand stands as a true symbol of traditional and sensibly fashionable gentleman. For the last many years, Burberry has, with its five fabulous labels (Burberry Prosum, Brit, Sport, London and Thomas Burberry), satisfied the public’s demand for high end fashion with good taste and sense without ever defying elite fashion, making it the most cherished and sensible fashion investment one could make. At present, Burberry competes with top fashion brands in the race for logos and status symbols. Over the decades, Burberry has evolved as a Fashion Week favourite, all the while preserving its traditional yet glorious past (Fashion Encyclopedia/Burberry). Leverage the Franchise Upgrade buyer experience and work all the more successfully by guaranteeing the quality, virtue and positioning of the Burberry brand by demanding optimum utilization of brand possessions and integrated activity within the worldwide organisation. One mark, one

Thursday, October 31, 2019

The impact of Information Technology on a career Term Paper

The impact of Information Technology on a career - Term Paper Example I also propose that all companies should raise awareness of how information technology in HRM is needed in order to remain competitive. I first examine the current state of how IT is applied in HRM today. HRM today is becoming more influenced by Information Technology, but some companies are still using IT to cover older HR functions that have been in place for many years, and have not made use of best practices by fully utilizing IT. In the article â€Å"An Exploratory Analysis of E-HRM in the Context of HRM Transformation†, the author mentions how the focus for use and investment in IT with HRM has been for a limited number of functions such as basic database and spreadsheet uses, payroll, or other standard administrative functions but overlook better uses of IT such as using technology for corporate strategy (Foster, 3). As mentioned in a publication by the U.S. Office of Personnel Management, some traditional ways of measuring employees by HR will always be needed despite the IT system involved, as in the case of personnel performance reviews. Yet, it is shown that the strategies of employee performance do not always match with departmental goals. This is an area that could be corrected through the use of IT. The article mentions that HR does not normally compile hard statistics or data to prove departmental successes, and hence there may be a lack of clear and documented evidence the benefits that IT provides. Also, HRM’s concentration on internal operations can have limiting effects in the way that senior management decides to use scarce IT investments (U.S. Office of Personnel Management, p. 22). In the article â€Å"The Future of Human Resources†, the authors outline how some companies are still in a traditional viewpoint with the role of Human Resources. Several key items mentioned are that the HR department is associated with processing activities (Dattner and Rothenberg, p.5). This would primarily include

Tuesday, October 29, 2019

Financial Management - Ratios comparision Essay

Financial Management - Ratios comparision - Essay Example This ratio indicates the financial structure of the enterprise. In other words the ratio is a barometer to reveal how the assets of the enterprise have been financed. Total Owings (Debts) include long-term debts and current liabilities, whereas Total Assets consists of both fixed and current assets. The ratio measures the total assets financed by outside debts. In 2006 47.54% of total assets of Bloodstone Ltd. Were financed through total owings, both long term as well current liabilities; where as in 2007 dependency on owings for assets financing has marginally gone up to 48.38%. The situation of Blooodstone Ltd.is little better than Garnet Plc., half of whose assets are financed through owings The ratio measures the incremental sales over previous year sales. The formula is to divide the absolute increased value of sales by total sales of the previous year and express the increment as percentage over previous year’s sales. Blood Stone Ltd. has attained a 15% growth in sales in the year 2006 over the sales of 2005. On the other hand such growth is only 8% for Garnet Plc. Even assuming both the companies in the same industry there may be a variety of reasons for such increased growth for Blood Stone Ltd., like: a) Increased value of fixed assets in the year 2006 as compared to 2005 suggests the new fixed assets have been manage effectively in the contribution of growth in sales. There may have been increase in sale outlets and in areas where there is no or negligible competition. b) Debtors have gone down to â‚ ¤1050 in 2006 as compared to â‚ ¤1,100 in 2005. This implies that the emphasis was on cash sales either by reducing the sales prices per unit or by providing cash discounts. There is also a possibility that certain incentive plans might have been introduced or there was better credit control. Bloodstone Ltd.’s PBIT ratio has remained more or less constant during 2005 and 2006. In 2006 it was 4.67% as compared to 4.5% in 2005.

Sunday, October 27, 2019

To improve a manual system

To improve a manual system Introduction Our project is to improve a manual system to an automated system, so we selected a local bookshop which had limited number of functions so its going to be easier for our project. The scope of the project is to analyze the need for a bookshop system, and to find advantages to formulate an effective computerized bookshop system that will eliminate the existing problems. In this process of analyzing, information were obtained from the staff as well as the customers Proposed system is expected to have simplified Bookshop system that will eliminate the difficulties and disadvantages of not having a system. The system is also expected to satisfy both the customers as well as the staff members in having efficient and effective Bookshop System. Systems Request Summery The Manager of the Book Shop requested us to design and implement an automated IT system to replace their current manual system. He wanted a very effective and efficient system which they expect more profits from this investment to the IT system. He wanted a system which is really user friendly because he didnt want the staff members to be unhappy with working in the new system. Findings As we visited the Book Shop and spoke with the staff members and the customers we found out the followings as main points for the design and what they expect us to do; Most of the staff members had a normal knowledge of computing. Staff has a fear that they might not be combatable with the new IT system. Customers have to wait long to search for books and billing. Recommendations We recommend the shop to have a complex system which will cover all the areas but the simple user interface so that any user can use the system easily. Use barcode system for the book. There for the customers wating time can be reduse. Keep a backup data of the users daily. In case of some thing happen to the system. Use camers in side the library. If some users doing damages to propety esily can identified. Create a Computer area for the users. To acess to the internet and to search the books. Time and Cost Estimation As we estimated the total program will take around 75 days to be developed. We are planning to finish the project within 72 days, but we kept 5 days extra incase of emergency. As the book shop isnt a company which is not gaining huge profits they wanted us to stick to a smaller budget. After our main analysis we decided to complete the project for 385,000 LKR. Expected outcomes By using automated system we hope to overcome these disadvantages of the manual system. In manual system all the things in the system have to do manually. So it causes to make lot of mistakes. Then using automated system we cam over come these things. Using automated system make this advantages to the system. Can keep full information about whole sellers who providing books and stationery items. In the manual system we have to keep information about whole sellers in books or some times that are not wrote some where and keep that in mind of the owner/manager. Then they forget or loosing papers, however they lost information about whole sale vendors. And other thing is all the vendors are not giving items at same prize. Some are cheaper than others. So buying cheep items can make more profit. With large number of whole sale vendors, it hard to compare and choose vendor to buy items for sale. In automated system it is easy because all the information of whole sale vendors is in one place and analyst it briefly. Not only the price but also we have to care about quality of items. Other wise if our customers not satisfy with goods our sales will do down. So we have to care about quality also. In this system can keep history of whole sale vendors can we can build confidence about goods they give to us. And if we have recode of who is the vendor provide each item if we feel something wrong while selling that we can change or complain about that. From that we can keep confidence between us and costumers. Can keep information about stock. When selling items it must to have enough stocks. If it doesnt has cant continuing selling process. And if doesnt have the item what customer want confidence between customer and shop will break. Then keeping stock details are the best way to avoid these disadvantages. And currently they are replacing lot of items once at a month. Then some are finished sooner some are not finish in that month, so that method is not very good. And it need more space for stock. By using a automated system it is easy to keep stock details. Manager can see easily what item is getting finish and he can replace it. Then space needed will be less. Keeping stock space less will allow the manager to add more stock when he needs according to the type of goods. Can keep reservations. If customer needs to reserve book it can reserve on the system then it can keep on stork till customer buy it. It helps to enhance confident of the customer. On the system it is vary easy to do it. Can keep information about customers. Customers are the main thin. Then keeping customers information is vary important. In manual system doesnt have method to keep customers information. When give special gift or discount to customers it is vary use full. Help to observe sales. Observing sales is useful to control businesses. Like controlling stocks, getting people to work, investing more for each item etc.

Friday, October 25, 2019

College Admissions Essay: Aunt Joan and Yoga :: College Admissions Essays

Aunt Joan and Yoga Up until about 40 years ago, yoga was practically unknown to most Americans. When it was introduced to the United States in the '60s, people believed in the incorrect stereotype that it was done only by "hippies," "flower children," and "druggies." Today the term "yoga" is more widely known, now that it is becoming trendier. Yoga is a discipline with a scientific background that was developed over 2000 years ago. In this system of self-development the restless mind is calmed and energy is placed into constructive channels. It is not a religion as some people may be led to believe. It is a philosophy of life. The lessons learned are just as relevant today as they were when they were first created, still keeping the main principle that before you can train your mind to reach a higher consciousness you must first discipline your body. Yoga's popularity is largely due to its wide range of benefits, including therapeutic effects, muscle toning, energy increasing and concentration of the mind. It is also in question as to whether yoga should be considered an art form. My aunt, Joan Brown, is a hatha yoga instructor and is of the opinion that her profession is related to dance. She considers yoga and dance to be part of a natural partnership, both being creative, using fluid movements, stretching, and flexing. Correct breathing is also necessary to be successful in both dance and yoga. Many yoga instructors are known to have some dance training as well. There is also a best-selling video that The New York City Ballet Co. has created which combines dance steps and yoga postures. Joan grew up on the northwest side of Chicago and began studying hatha yoga in the early '70s and has continued to do so ever since. She studied the science and philosophy of yoga at the Himalayan Institute for about 12 years and then later at the Temple of Kriya Yoga for approximately 11 years. Joan feels fortunate that she got started on this path at the right time because she had the opportunity to study under the great teachers that had come from India. For her to become an instructor of yoga, a bachelor degree in the arts wasn't needed, but specific studies were. She completed her certification Level 1 and Level 2 at the Temple of Kriya Yoga.

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Coffee and Starbucks Corporation Essay

Acknowledgements: First and foremost, we would like to express our gratitude to our faculty Ms. Nusrat Huq for her constant support and motivation, and we would also like to thank her for assigning a topic to our group that has been quite interesting to work with. We are immensely grateful to our friends and AIUB alumni who have been kind enough to share their knowledge with us. Last but not the least, our sincere gratitude goes to our respected families for their guidance and contribution in all aspects of our lives. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: Among many other global coffee shops, Starbucks is the most popular. This article discusses the company’s internal and external environments, its corporate strategies, organization structures, how they can improve their quality, and where there is room for success.In 1971, three young entrepreneurs began the Starbucks Corporation in Seattle Washington. Their key goal was to sell whole coffee beans. Soon after, Starbucks began experiencing huge growth, opening five stores all of which had roasting facilities, sold coffee beans and room for local restaurants. In 1987, Howard Schultz bought Starbucks from its original owners for $4 million after expanding Starbucks by opening three coffee bars. These coffee bars were based on an idea that was originally proposed to the owner who recruited him into the corporation as manager of retail and marketing. Overall, Schultz strategy for Starbucks was to grow slow. Starbucks went on to suffer financial losses and overhead operating expenses rose as Starbucks continued its slow expansion process. Despite the initial financial troubles, Starbucks went on to expand to 870 stores by 1996. Sales increased 84%, which brought the corporation out of debt. With the growing success, Starbucks planned to open 2000 stores by year 2000.

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

English Spoken Language Essay

In television and radio the interview techniques are very different. Graham Norton does both, in both situations we do see Norton adapting himself. He interviews Jedward in the television interview and Benedict Cumberbatch in the radio interview. They are many differences the obvious one is that one is in a television studio and the other in a radio set; another difference is the audiences that would watch them. The television situation is broadcasted on a Friday night at 10.30pm so the audience would be teenagers and young adults, which is a contrast to the audience that would listen to the radio interview, (which is broadcasted on Saturday morning around 10am) who would be middle aged and certainly older than the people watching the Jedward interview. Also as well as the audience watching on television in the Jedward interview, there is also a live audience in the studio which would give Norton a direct response and gives him people to address. In the radio interview Norton doesn’t have a live audience so he doesn’t get a direct response so that’s why I think he’s calmer and more relaxed. In both interviews I think that Norton doesn’t allow time for the interviewees to talk and this may come across that he’s rushing and is not thinking. In the television situation Norton interrupts Jedward so that the audiences laugh which I guess is what he is meant to do but after a while Jedward give up and just let him interrupt him. An example of when he interrupts in the radio interview when: ‘Cumberbatch: Danny was very†¦.’ ‘Norton: is this Danny Boyle?’ Also Norton continues that part of the interview to talk about himself, which I don’t think is keeping a very good rapport with Cumberbacth. After a while Cumberbatch in my opinion gives up and starts to ask Norton questions about his career; ‘Why did you give up?’ this is another example of Norton not really keeping a rapport with the interviewee. The television interview with Jedward in my opinion is much less formal and Norton behaves in a more spontaneous and lively way where as in the radio interview it’s formal and much more serious. I think that Norton in away talks down to Jeward and makes fun of them and has a patronising attitude towards them. In the radio interview Norton has much more respect for Cumberbatch and talk to him on a more level basis. The way Norton began his interview with Jedward ‘Now, anyway’ this I would say is less formal than the way Norton began his interview with Cumberbatch. In a way this is effective as this makes the interviewee feel more relaxed, this also shows how Norton is adapting himself in both situations. In the interviews I think that Norton adapts himself, in terms of his tone and pitch of his voice. In the Jedward interview his tone, is relaxed, funny and his pitch is much higher than in the Cumberbatch interview. I personally think that Norton has to change himself to fit in with Cumberbatch, as his voice is much more formal. When addressing the audience in the Jedward interview, Norton’s pitch of voice changes depending on whether he is asking a question or stating something, this shows that Norton keeps a rapport with the audience and the interviewee. An example of this is when Norton says ‘it’s not often that gets a laugh’ this is aimed at the audience and is in away make fun of Jedward. In the television interview we see that Norton has cards but at some point he puts them down, this makes us think that he is making some of it up and makes he seem more spontaneous. Obviously we can’t see what is going on in the radio interview but, I think that Norton’s speech is more fluent compared to the television interview. I think that Norton doesn’t really follow the cards in the television interview as he keeps interrupting Jedward which I assume is not on the cards. I do think that both interviews are set out correctly and follow a logical sequence of points. I also think that in the radio interview Norton speaks more articulately than in the television interview where he seems to talk in a more rushed lively way. Norton’s sentences in the radio interview are more coherent and there are fewer hesitations than in the television interview, but a reason for this could be that there can’t really be any silences in a radio interview. The layout of the two interviews are virtual the same, Norton introduces them, he asks the a few questions, Norton comments and they end the interview. I do think that Norton is too focused on getting laughs from the audience that it brings the attention away from the interviewee, which is a bad technique from Norton. Unlike the television interview Norton doesn’t have a live audience so his much more focused on the interview and sustains a better rapport with Cumberbatch than with Jedward. With both audiences to build a rapport with the audience, Norton makes jokes and he’s very sarcastic especially towards Jedward, ‘Can you go to a cashpoint and get money out?’ this is making a joke and when he says this he looks to the audience to get a laugh. Also we see that in the television interview that Norton in a way is encouraged by the audience to keep making funny comments so that the audience is more concentrated on him rather than the interviewee, this is a bad technique from Norton has its more feeding his ego and sustain a better rapport with the audience rather than the interviewee. Obviously we can’t see Norton’s body language in the radio interview but in the television one we see that his body language does co-ordinate with the situation he is in. After Norton says ‘it’s not often that gets a big cheer’ the audience immediately laugh which in a way jeers Norton on and so he continues to look at the audience instead of Jedward. I think at some points Norton looks too much at the camera and audience and this slightly decreases the rapport with Jedward, but on the other hand he’s sustains a rapport with the audience. He uses hand gestures which exaggerates what he is saying, but I think personally he’s posture is too laid back and gives an informal look. In both interviews there would be two different audiences so the reaction and how Norton tries to sustain a rapport with them would be different. In the radio interview, Norton interacts with the audience with the tone and pitch of his voice, whereas in the television interview Norton uses gestures and looks straight at the audience to get an immediate reaction. Also his volume of his voice is more prominent, in the radio interview so the audience has a connection with Norton. In the radio interview Norton’s language is more formal whereas in the television one it’s much more relaxed and Standard English so this shows that Norton does adapt himself to both situations, which is a good technique made by Norton. So, overall I think that Norton is good at adapting himself to both interviews; I do think that in the radio interview that Norton is better suited to the television interview when it’s a bit more relaxed and informal, because this suits Norton’s personality better. Norton does have a few bad techniques which include interrupting and looking at the audience too much, but he has many good techniques. Although in both interviews he uses good techniques which sustain a rapport with both the audience and the interviewees.